Demography and social economy, 2021, 2(44):110-126
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2021.02.110
УДК 331.556.4 (477)
JEL СLASSIFICATION: J61

O. V. POZNIAK, PhD (Economics), Head of sector
Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
01032, Kyiv, Blvd Tarasa Shevchenko, 60
E-mail: olex_poznyak@ukr.net
ORCID 0000-0002-1323-3896
Scopus ID 57195780028; 57189273845


UKRAINIAN MIGRANTS IN EUROPE: SITUATION DEPENDING ON THE REGION OF STAY
Section: EUROPEAN VALUES
Language: English
Abstract: Ukraine has become one of the largest donors of population and labor force in Europe. The assessment of the migration of Ukrainians to the countries of Europe is based on data from three national surveys on external labor migration (2008, 2012, 2017), a survey in the framework of the TEMPER project with the participation of the author (2017-2018), as well as data from a number of studies of Ukrainian labor migration conducted in Ukraine and in recipient countries. The purpose of the paper is a comparative analysis of the migration of Ukrainians to different regions of Europe. Methods of the research are system approach, method of complex use of information from different sources, comparative and graphic methods. Scientific novelty of the paper is to identify the features of external labor migration of citizens of Ukraine depending on the geographical direction of movement. The changes in the trends of external labor migration of Ukrainians that occurred since the independence are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the migration of Ukrainians to Western and Eastern Europe was carried out. It is shown that labor trips to countries neighboring Ukraine mostly remain circular and short-term. Migration to Western Europe is characterized by a transition from circular to permanent migration, with the formation of new Ukrainian Diasporas in the recipient countries. The composition of migrants to Western Europe by gender, age, level of education, regions of origin, legal status of stay abroad, etc. is analyzed in comparison with Ukrainian migrants to Eastern Europe and the employment population of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the professional composition of migrants before and after departure. It is concluded that the increase in the share of the European Union in the structure of external labor migration from Ukraine is a positive phenomenon, as it contributes to the spread of European values in Ukrainian society. Future tendencies of Ukrainian migration, in particular in the context of COVID-19 epidemic are estimated. Proposals for improving the migration policy of Ukraine are presented.
Key words: migration, labor migration, Ukrainian diaspora, transformation of migration tendencies, migration policy
References:
1. International Migration Report 2017. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/Migration Report2017_Highlights.pdf
2. Savitska, O., & Chonyo, V. (2013). Osoblyvosti mihratsiinykh protsesiv naselennia v umovakh hlobalizatsii [Features of migration processes of the population in the conditions of globalization]. Scientific Bulletin of National Forestry University of Ukraine, 23.17, 295-303. [in Ukrainian].
3. An Assessment of the Collection, Distribution, Storage and Analysis of Migration Information in Ukraine. (2015). Kyiv : IOM, Mission in Ukraine.
4. Minich, R., & Kravchuk, P. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Ukrainian Labour Migrants in Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Italy. Policy Brief. Retrieved from https://www. pragueprocess.eu/documents/repo/212/Policy_Brief_Minich_Kravchuk_EN.pdf
5. Libanova, E. M., & Pozniak, O. V. (2020). Zovnishnia trudova mihratsiia z Ukrainy: vplyv COVID-19 [External labor migration from Ukraine: the impact of COVID-19]. Demography and Social Economy, 4 (42), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.025 [in Ukrainian].
6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). Retrieved from http://data.uis.unesco.org
7. Libanova, E., Tsymbal, O., Yarosh, O., & Lisogor, L. (2016). The transition of Ukrainian youth to the labor market: results of an international study «School-to-work transition surveys» in Ukraine in 2013 and 2015. Geneva : ILO.
8. Ukrainske suspilstvo: mihratsiinyi vymir : nats. dopovid [Ukrainian society: the migration dimension. National report] (2018). Institute of Demography and Social Studies of NAS of Ukraine. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
9. Zovnishnia trudova mihratsiia naselennia Ukrainy [Ukrainian External Labor Migration]. (2009). Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
10. Report on the Methodology, Organization and Results of a Modular Sample Survey on Labor Migration in Ukraine. (2013). International Labor Organization. Budapest.
11. Zovnishnia trudova mihratsiia naselennia (za rezultatamy modulnoho vybirkovoho opy tuvannia). Statystychnyi biuleten [External labor migration of the population (according to the results of the modular choice of the survey). Statistical bulletin]. (2017). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
12. Chmielewska, I., Dobroczek, G., & Puzynkiewicz, J. (2016). Citizens of Ukraine working in Poland - survey report. National Bank of Poland. Warszawa [in Polish].
13. Mikheyeva, O. (Eds). (2018). Vyklyky suchasnoi mihratsii: ukrainska spilnota v Paryzhi [Chal lenges of Contemporary Migration]: The Ukrainian Community in Paris. Lviv : The Uk rainian Catholic University [in Ukrainian].
14. Lenoël, A., Cerrutti, M., Croitoru, A., Hnatyuk, T., Maguid, A., Maidanik, I. et al. & Vanden bunder, A. (2018). Report on Non-Economic Impacts of Temporary, Circular and Permanent Migration. TEMPER EU Project. Retrieved from http://www.temperproject.eu/ wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Working-Paper-12-TEMPER.pdf
15. Obućina O., Beauchemin C., Cerrutti, M., Deliu, A., Havryliuk, O., Lenoël, A. et al. & Vandenbunder, A. (2018). Report on the Economic Integration of Return Migrants. TEMPER EU Project. Retrieved from http://www.temperproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ Working-Paper-11-TEMPER.pdf
16. International Organization for Migration. (IOM). (2019). Survey on migration and human trafficking in Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus and Georgia, 2019. Retrieved from http://iom.org. ua/sites/default/files/iom_regional_ct_survey_2019_eng_print.pdf
17. International Organization for Migration. (IOM). (2017). Survey on migration and human trafficking in Ukraine, 2017. Retrieved from http://iom.org.ua/sites/default/files/migration_ and_human_trafficking_in_ukraine_eng.pdf
18. Pererakhunok danykh pro pryvatni hroshovi perekazy v Ukrainu za 2015-2017 roky [Recalculation of data on private money transfers to Ukraine for 2015-2017] (2018). National Bank of Ukraine. Kyiv. Retrieved from https://bank.gov.ua/admin_uploads/article/ Remittances %20_2015-2017.pdf?v=4 [in Ukrainian].
19. Pozniak, O. (2016). Otsiniuvannia naslidkiv zovnishnoi trudovoi mihratsii v Ukraini [Evaluation of consequences of external labor migration in Ukraine]. Demography and social economy, 2 (27), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2016.02.169 [in Ukrainian].
20. Drbohlav, D., & Jaroszewich, M. (Eds.) (2016). Ukrainian Migration in Time of Crisis: Forced and Labor Mobility. Prague.
21. Ukrainian workers in Poland “migrate” to trade and logistics. Radio Freedom. Retrieved from https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/30514765.html

» pdf