Demography and social economy, 2019, 1(35):82-96
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2019.01.082
UDC 314.174(477)
JEL CLASSIFICATION: J11, J61, J62

O.V. Pozniak
PhD (Economics), Head of sector of the Ptoukha
Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
01032, Kyiv, blvd Taras Shevchenko, 60
E-mail: olex_poznyak@ukr.net

RETURN MIGRATION TO UKRAINE: SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RETUNEES
Section: DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: This article focuses on estimating volumes of migrants returning to Ukraine, as well as identifying returnees’ socio-demographic characteristics and generators of return. Contingent allocation of returnees’ criteria is formed. Returnees are considered as Ukrainian citizens who returned to Ukraine after prolonged stay abroad (permanent residence, employment, education) and who do not plan to migrate abroad in the near future. Existing information sources is analyzed and can be used for measuring return migration (official statistics, administrative data, selected survey results both conducted by State Statistics Service and international organizations), applicability of each of these resources for research purposes was assessed. Individual contingents of returnees are allocated, they are found to be mainly returned international migrant workers and citizens documented to have changed place of residence by current register. Based on a combination of several resources, processes of return migration to Ukraine are analyzed; an estimate of the number of returnees to Ukraine is made. It is found that their indicative number (provided realization of several assumptions) ranges from 700,000 to 1.200,000 persons. According to the national surveys on questions of external labour migration in 2008, 2012 and 2017 a comparative analysis of returnees and all migrant workers is made. As a result of the evaluation return factors of migrants to Ukraine are revealed. Main reasons for the returns are determined, it is found that the larger part of returnees are those who decided to return after first (less often - second) unlucky trip facing poor working and living conditions abroad. Moreover, presence of social connections with Ukraine and employment and income opportunities in the local labour market facilitate the return. It is determined that propensity to return is not so much dependent on host country, but on specific working conditions faced by migrants. Needs of displaced people are identified.
Key words: migration, return migration, retunees, factors of the migrants’ return, socio-demographic characteristics of returners.
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