Demography and social economy, 2019, 1(35):69-81
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2019.01.069
UDC 314.7
JEL CLASSIFICATION: J11, J61, J62

O.A. Malynovska
Dr. Sс (Public Administration), chief researcher
National Institute for Strategic Studies,
Pyrogova str., 7 а, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
E-mail: malinovska@niss.gov.ua

EMIGRATION vs IMMIGRATION: DIRECTIONS AND MECHANISMS OF THE REPATRIATION POLICY
Section: DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present analysis results of the patterns of the repatriation process, to summarize foreign experience in developing and implementing a policy to promote and encourage the return of migrants, and to formulate proposals on the state policy of return and reintegration in Ukraine. Return, along with leaving and staying abroad, is an integral part of the migration process. It benefits both migrants who, through work abroad, improve their living conditions in their homeland and country of origin as a result of replenishing human and intellectual resources by people who have gained a new, progressive experience. In this regard in many countries, where, as in Ukraine, the outflow of population and, consequently, the return are numerical, a state policy has been formed on the return and reintegration of their citizens. Its goals and means are defined in documents of a conceptual nature. For their implementation, specific action plans have been developed. There are special executive bodies responsible for implementing the planned activities. Typically, the state’s activities are aimed at properly informing returnees as well as improving their positions in the labor market through the development of skills and retraining, the recognition of foreign skills acquired, and in some countries, in the form of direct assistance in opening their own businesses, providing irrevocable grants or preferential loans, tax breaks. Developing an appropriate policy in Ukraine as a mechanism that will encourage migrants to return, and will prevent re-departure is necessary for both economic and demographic reasons. For the purpose of its formation and taking into account foreign experience, it seems expedient to put on the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine the function of encouraging repatriation and facilitating the reintegration of returning migrants. As the issue goes beyond the authority of a separate department, a permanent interagency working group needs to be set up to resolve it. It is necessary to introduce a procedure for duty-free import of means of production and goods of production purpose by the returnees for the purpose of establishing / developing their own business or agricultural production. It is promising to co-operate with interested countries of destination of Ukrainian migrants in developing and implementing joint return and reintegration programs for Ukrainian migrants in the Motherland. To determine the scale of returns and key characteristics of returnees, their problems and needs, scientific researches on the phenomenon of repatriation, its motives and results are extremely necessary.
Key words: migration policy, returnees, directions and mechanisms of repatriation policy
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