Demography and social economy, 2019, 1(35):196-208
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2019.01.196
UDC 303.436
JEL CLASSIFICATION: C55

A.V. Veremchuk
Economist
Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
01032, Ukraine, Kyiv, Taras Shevchenko Blvd, 60
E-mail: anne.veremtchouk@gmail.com

М.А. Rozbyckyj
Ph.D. Student
Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
01032, Ukraine, Kyiv, Taras Shevchenko Blvd, 60
E-mail: mishanyarozbitskiy@gmail.com

ESTIMATION OF BIG DATA POTENTIAL IN LABOUR MIGRATION RESEARCH
Section: ARTICLES OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: In recent years the number of Ukrainians working abroad has been constantly increasing making labour migration one of the topical issues. Notwithstanding, the available statistics on labour migrants derived from statistical, social and administrative data cannot satisfy the needs of researchers, experts and public officials in timely and unbiased data. As a result, various estimates of labour migration scales and future trends are presented in articles. In this situation researches try to use alternative information sources, including Big Data. Big Data does not only solve the problem of timeliness in receiving information, but also allows obtaining accurate data in areas where earlier evidences were partial (for example, routes of illegal migrants). In the article the main types of “big data” which can be used for studying migration are described as well as their availability for researchers and main shortcomings. To estimate potential of “big data” usage, pilot research was conducted based on the information from open sources, namely Google Trends and job search websites. The results showed that data retrieved from Google Trends reflects the change of the labor migration directions from the Russian Federation to Poland after 2014 (when annexation of Crimea took place and the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine started). At the same time, the structure of vacancies (coded according to Ukrainian analogue of ISCO) from the job search websites does not correspond to professional structure of labor migrants from Ukraine. It was concluded, that “big data” (from open sources) can only be used for superficial description of trends in migration processes, but cannot help researches in identifying scales of migration. Thus, today in Ukraine “big data” cannot replace traditional statistics in migration research. The main barriers for implementation of “big data”-driven decisions are (1) low level of Internet usage in Ukraine (compared to developed countries); (2) absence of legislative regulation of researchers’ access to data retained by private companies and (3) shortage of specialists with necessary qualifications.
Key words: labor migration, data sources, Big Data, Google Trends, Internet, data source.
References:
1. Tyshchuk, T. (2018). Velyka mihratsiia: chomu nikhto v Ukraini ne znaie, skilky nashykh hromadian vyikhalo za kordon [Large migration: why nobody knows in Ukraine how many of our citizens moved abroad]. voxukraine.org. Retrieve from https://voxukraine.org/uk/velika-migratsiya-chomu-nihto-vukrayini- ne-znaye-skilki-nashih-gromadyan-viyihalo-za-kordon/ [in Ukrainian].
2. Nowcasting (economics). (n.d.). en.wikipedia.org. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowcasting_( economics)
3. Zagheni, E., Garimella, V., Weber, I., & State, B. (2014). Inferring International and Internal Migration Patterns from Twitter Data. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web. ingmarweber.de. Retrieved from https://ingmarweber.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Inferring-International- and-Internal-Migration-Patterns-from-Twitter-Data.pdf doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2567948.2576930
4. State, B., Rodriguez, M., Helbing, D., & Zagheni, E. (2014). Migration of Professionals to the U.S. Evidence from LinkedIn data. SocInfo: Social Informatics. zagheni.net. Retrieved from http://zagheni. net/uploads/3/1/7/9/3179747/migration_professionals_linkedin.pdf.
5. Blumenstock, J. (2012). Inferring patterns of internal migration from mobile phone call records: evidence from Rwanda. Information Technology and Development, Vol. 18, 2. Retrieved from https://www. researchgate.net/publication/233346836_Inferring_patterns_of_internal_migration_from_mobile_phone_ call_records_evidence_from_Rwanda doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2011.643209
6. Novak, J., Ahas, R., Aasa, A., & Silm, S. (2013). Application of mobile phone location data in mapping of commuting patterns and functional regionalization: a pilot study of Estonia. Journal of Maps, 10-15. Retrieved from doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.762331
7. Wladyka, D.K. (2017). Queries to Google Search as Predictors of Migration Flows from Latin America to Spain. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 25, 312-327. Retrieve from http://www.jpss.mahidol. ac.th/PDF/v25n4_paper2.pdf doi:https://doi.org/10.25133/JPSSv25n4.002
8. Böhme, M., Gröger, A., & Stöhr, T. (2017). Searching for a Better Life: Predicting International Migration with Online Search Keywords. researchgate.net. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/321358705_Searching_for_a_Better_Life_Predicting_International_Migration_with_Online_ Search_Keywords
9. Kyslova, O.N. (2015). Sotsyologyia v kontekste vuzova «bolshykh dannukh»: rol intellektualnogo analyza dannukh v stanovlenyy novukh podkhodov k sotsiologicheskim issledovaniyam [Sociology in the context of the challenge of “big data”: the role of data mining in the development of new approaches to sociological research]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.N. Karazina. - The journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 1148, 57-62. Retrieved from https://periodicals. karazin.ua/ssms/article/view/4470/4041 [in Ukrainian].
10. Sarioglo,V.G. (2016). «Velyki dani» yak dzherelo informatsii ta instrumentarii dlia ofitsiinoi statystyky: potentsial, problemy, perspektyvy. [«Big data» as a source of information and tool for official statistics: potential, problems, perspectives]. Statystyka Ukrainy - Statistics of Ukraine, 4, 12-19 [in Ukrainian].
11. Khmelevska, O.M. (2017). Repetytorstvo yak skladova tinovoi osvity ta mozhlyvosti yoho otsiniuvannia v Ukraini [Tutoring as a component of the shadow education and approaches to its assessment in Ukraine]. Demohrafiia ta sotsialna ekonomika - Demography and Social Economy, 1, 37-53.doi:https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2017.01.037 [in Ukrainian].
12. Kucheruk, V.Yu., Holovashenko, I.O., & Hlushko, M.V. (n.d.). Yak Big Data (Velyki dani) vplyvaiut na buttia liudyny [How Big data influences human life]. ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.vntu. edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/17811/2555.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y [in Ukrainian].
13. Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (n.d.). World Bank. data.worldbank.org. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS
14. Letouzé, E. (2012). Big Data for Development: Challenges & Opportunities. unglobalpulse.org. Retrieved from http://www.unglobalpulse.org/sites/default/files/BigDataforDevelopment-UNGlobalPulseJune2012. pdf
15. Sangen, M van der., & Sandijk, J van. (2018). Mapping migrant flows with satellites. Statistics Netherlands (CBS). cbs.nl. Retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/corporate/2018/09/mapping-migrantflows- with-satellites
16. Chudinovskih, O.S. (2018). Bolshie dannye i statistika migracii [Big data and migration statistics]. Voprosy statistiki - Questions of statistics, 25, 48-56. Retrieved from https://istina.msu.ru/download/ 106684550/1fICOP:n_b2GlsCo1Gj_Pk4WIseug7N_SI/ [in Russian]
17. Site «Google Trends» (n.d.). trends.google.com. Retrieved from https://trends.google.com/trends/
18. Libanova, E.M. (Eds.). (2013). Zvit shchodo metodolohii, orhanizatsii provedennia ta rezultativ modul-noho vybirkovoho obstezhennia z pytan trudovoi mihratsii v Ukraini [Report on the Methodology, Organization and Results of a Modular Sample Survey on Labour Migration in Ukraine]. Decent Work Technical Support Team and Country Office for Central and Eastern Europe.
19. First permits issued for remunerated activities by reason, length of validity and citizenship. (n.d.). appsso. eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved from http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset= migr_resocc&lang=en
20. Opinion Software Media. Dannye raboty Paneli [Opinion Software Media. Panel data] (2018). Retrieved from https://inau.ua/sites/default/files/file/1810/top-25_saytiv_u_veresni_2018.pdf.
21. Site «SimilarWeb» (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.similarweb.com
22. Site «Dexi.io» (n.d.). dexi.io. Retrieved from https://dexi.io
23. Gosudarstvennaja programma po sodejstviju dobrovolnomu pereseleniju v Rossijskuju Federaciju sootechestvennikov. Oficialnyj informacionnyj paket [State program to promote the voluntary resettlement of compatriots to the Russian Federation. Official Information Pack] (n.d.). xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai. Retrieved from https://xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/mvd/structure1/Glavnie_upravlenija/guvm/compatriots/information- pack

» pdf