Demography and social economy

PUBLIC FINANCES IN THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT RESILIENCE SYSTEM

Igor Chugunov — 2026-06-23

The article reveals the essence of public finances in the system of resilience of social development. The current state of the country’s financial and economic situation is characterized by the limited state financial resources, which is caused by the action of martial law in the country, and significant dependence on external financial assistance. Of particular importance is the increase in the effectiveness of the financial and budgetary mechanism in the conditions of the transformation of socio-economic relations, and the growth of socio-economic restrictions. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of public finances as a component of ensuring the resilience of social development, improve the system of public finance management, form an effective budget policy in the conditions of socio-economic transformations, determine the structure of budget expenditures at the level of functional classification, the impact of the budget deficit on the dynamics of public debt, increase the effectiveness of budget expenditures, and the efficiency of using budget funds. The novelty of the article is the disclosure of the essence of public finances as a component of ensuring the resilience of social development, which consists in the ability of public finances to influence the effectiveness and sustainability of the country’s socio-economic development, achieving the maximum result of high-quality provision of public services when using the appropriate amount of budget expenditures; the relationship between the public debt indicator in gross domestic product and the similar indicator of the budget deficit with a time lag for the period 2016—2025 is determined; the features of the structure of average indicators of budget expenditures at the level of functional classification for the periods 2010—2013, 2014—2017, 2018—2021, 2022—2025 are determined. Medium-term budget planning of the share of budget revenues, budget expenditures, and budget deficit was carried out, taking into account macroeconomic indicators for the period 2027—2031 in the context of socio-economic transformations. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, which made it possible to implement the conceptual unity of the study, in particular, the methods of systemic, functional analysis, generalization, comparison, scientific abstraction, and synthesis. It is shown that public finances are one of the main components in the formation of social development resilience. The implementation of a budget policy to manage the budget deficit and public debt effectively is important. The implementation of tax policy aimed at adapting to changes in the economic environment, effective formation of the revenue part of the budget, effective management of public expenditures, and focused on achieving maximum socio-economic results is important. The priority areas are increasing the efficiency of the use of state financial resources, ensuring macroeconomic stability, strengthening financial institutions, and developing mechanisms for strategic financial and economic planning, which will contribute to the formation of current and medium-term resilience of social development.

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Social Justice: Between Classical Th eory and the Realities of Polycrisis: Review of the monograph by V. M. Novikov “Problem-Oriented Methodology for the Study of Justice” (Kyiv: Akademperiodyka, 2025. 238 p.)

Viktoriіa Mykytenko — 2026-06-23

The review provides an theoretical and methodological analysis of the monograph Problem Oriented Methodology for the Study of Justice by V. M. Novikov, which addresses social justice as a fundamental category of socio-economic development, ethical economics, and institutional dynamics. The relevance of the reviewed work is determined by the intensification of social imbalances, the erosion of institutional trust, and the deepening of inequalities under contemporary polycrisis conditions, which impart to the issue of justice not only a normative but also a security-related dimension. The review demonstrates that the author’s problem-oriented methodology enables an integrated interpretation of classical moral philosophy and political economy alongside modern theories of social choice, institutional economics, and welfare economics. Particular attention is paid to the author’s reinterpretation of the intellectual contributions of A. Smith, I. Kant, J. Rawls, A. Sen, and other thinkers whose ideas shaped the conceptual foundations of social justice. It is emphasized that the monograph consistently distinguishes justice from simplified notions of equality or mechanical redistribution, conceptualizing it instead as a complex institutional form of socio-economic relations. Special emphasis is placed on the author’s attempt to operationalize the concept of social justice through statistical and analytical tools, which represents an important step toward overcoming long-standing critiques regarding its empirical indefiniteness. At the same time, the review formulates a set of analytical remarks and forward-looking recommendations aimed at strengthening the applied relevance of the study in light of contemporary challenges, including war-related demographic losses, spatial development asymmetries, socio-economic security risks, and post-crisis recovery imperatives. The review concludes that under polycrisis conditions social justice should be understood not merely as an ethical or theoretical construct, but as a key imperative for societal resilience, social cohesion, and sustainable postcrisis development in Ukraine.

YOUTH WHO ARE NOT IN EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT OR TRAINING: ASSESSMENT OF FEATURES AND MEASURES FOR ENGAGING IN THE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

Anna Hvelesiani — 2026-06-23

The article investigates the main characteristics of young people aged 15—29 who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) in the conditions of war in Ukraine. This group of young people is excluded from the education system and the labor market, which leads to problems with employment and involvement in society. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the profile of young people NEET and to develop proposals for the areas of their involvement in employment and education in the crisis conditions of the fullscale invasion of the rf into Ukraine. An important contribution of this article is the assessment of the age, educational, and gender characteristics of a group of young people who are not engaged in labor or educational activities and their transformation in the conditions of military invasion. The novelty of the article lies in the implementation and assessment of the disaggregation of youth NEET in accordance with the concept of heterogeneity. Based on this approach, the paper examines the profile of young people NEET in terms of the reasons for unemployment or non-education, which is important for policy development and implementation of measures to re-integrate young people into the labor market or education system. The article is determined that the number and composition of young NEET changed over the period 2017—2023. The share of economically inactive young people has increased significantly. In 2023, only 25 % of NEETs were not in employment or training for reasons related to the labor market. The remaining 75 % of NEETs were not in employment or training for other socio-demographic reasons, such as family responsibilities, illness or disability, etc. It was found that among young women, 16 % did not study or work for reasons related to the labor market, while among men, this group was 3.6 times larger and amounted to 44 %. The main reason for refusing to work and study has been indicated by 68 % of women to fulfill family responsibilities. Among men, this category was only 3 %. Based on information on the number and characteristics of each subgroup, priorities were identified for developing measures to attract such youth to employment and education, namely: expanding dual education, stimulating employers, recognizing non-formal education, special measures designed to attract young women, and creating opportunities for youth to participate in public life of society.

The study was conducted based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and methods of statistical evaluation of indicators based on the results of sample surveys. The information base for the study of youth participation in the labor market is data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine before the declaration of martial law on February 24, 2022 and data from the National Sample Survey of the SocioEconomic Status of Households, which was conducted in December 2023 — February 2024.

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POSSIBILITIES OF INFLUENCING ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE POPULATION: ECONOMIC INCENTIVES VS. NUDGING

Liudmyla Cherenko — 2026-06-23

The article reveals the specifics of how the population makes economic decisions, with an emphasis on limited attention and the resulting irrational actions of economic agents. It presents arguments regarding the importance of considering behavioral factors in managerial decision-making within the economic sphere. Based on an analysis of successful cases of influencing changes in the population’s economic behavior, examples from decision-making practices in Ukraine are reviewed. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity of incorporating the idea of nudging and interventions into policy design alongside traditional economic incentives, with particular attention to the problem of limited attention among socially vulnerable groups. The novelty of the study lies in adapting globally established approaches to influencing economic behavior to the Ukrainian context and confirming the hypothesis of the feasibility of such influence through the practical experience of Ukrainian policy-making. The research relies on classical statistical methods to build an evidence base for the importance of accounting for behavioral components in policy development. To justify the relevance of behavioral factors, the method of retrospective assessments of population responses to various government programs was chosen. On this basis, hypotheses about possible explanations of economic agents’ actions, especially among socially vulnerable groups, were formulated. For the assessment of the impact of specific programs, microdata from surveys were used: Household Budget Survey (HBS) and Household Socio-Economic Status Survey. (HSESS), conducted in 2023 at the initiative of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine with technical support from UNICEF, due to the suspension of the state household living conditions survey during martial law.

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PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PHILANTHROPIC PARTNERSHIPS AS A PROMISING INVESTMENT TOOL IN THE FIELD OF REHABILITATION

Nataliia Vernihorova — 2026-06-23

The article is devoted to the analysis of public-private-philanthropic partnership and the improvement of the regulatory and legal regulation of its activities, to create a regulatory basis for attracting charitable funds to socially important investment projects, in particular, regarding rehabilitation, reintegration, preservation and restoration of human capital. The study focuses on the analysis of the current state of the private medical services market in Ukraine and existing cases of involving charitable partners in investment projects in the field of rehabilitation. The preference for the development of public-private-philanthropic partnerships is justified, as opposed to classic public-private partnerships, which are associated with the social significance of rehabilitation problems and insufficient funding. It was found that the activities of rehabilitation centers with the support of charitable partners are aimed not only at the quantity, but also at the quality of rehabilitation, orientation to the best international practices and advanced training of medical personnel. Therefore, such an investment approach is relevant especially in times of unstable economy and social challenges. The purpose of the article is to summarize the practical experience of creating and operating rehabilitation centers on the principles of public-private-philanthropic partnership in Ukraine, and to develop recommendations for improving the regulatory and legal framework to create a favorable legislative framework for the implementation of this model. It was found that today the regulatory and legal framework does not regulate the activities of such partnerships, as they are new to Ukrainian practice and are a response to the challenges of Ukrainian realities. Therefore, the proposals provided for improving the regulatory and legal framework are designed to provide a legislative basis for the development of this investment model. This will allow scaling up successful projects and will contribute to increasing the role of the charitable sector in areas related to the humanitarian dimension, such as: rehabilitation, reintegration, preservation and restoration of human capital. The novelty of the study lies in the attempt to adapt existing regulatory documents to the activities of these partnerships, because despite the lack of special regulatory and legal regulation, partnerships of this type already exist in Ukraine and are innovative. The article uses general scientific and special research methods: case study method, comparative analysis and logical generalization. Their application allowed us to widely explore the issues of the development of public-private-philanthropic partnerships, and to identify their advantages over classical public-private partnerships. Since Ukraine already has successful experience in the functioning of public-private-philanthropic partnerships in the field of rehabilitation, further scaling up of this practice requires the identification of criteria by which institutional support for sanatorium-resort and rehabilitation institutions should be carried out within the framework of this investment model. Therefore, the proposed criteria are designed to intensify the attraction of funds from the charitable partner in those areas that require optimization of the costs of the private partner and the state.

REFERENCES / ЛІТЕРАТУРА

1. Novikov, V. M. (2021). Sotsialnyi potentsial instytutu nekomertsiinykh orhanizatsii [Social Potential of Non-Profit Organizations]. Demography and Social Economy, 1 (43), 80—100. https://doi. org/10.15407/dse2021.01.080

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2. Lysiak, L. V., & Kachula, S. V. (2023). Financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the implementation of strategic development goals of the territories of Ukraine. Economy and society, 53. https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2023-53-72

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DISCUSSION ISSUES OF HOUSING PROVISION FOR DISPLACED PERSONS

Valerii Novikov — 2026-06-23

The current state of social housing development is analyzed in the context of protecting the interests of vulnerable groups, particularly displaced persons. Today, it is clear that the development of social housing is becoming a mandatory element of effective state housing policy, as the vast majority of displaced persons still have no ability to rent or purchase hou sing. From a scientifically analytical perspective, an analysis of programmes for the formation of the housing fund for social purposes was conducted, which revealed the low level and lack of effectiveness of social policy in the sphere of providing migrants with affordable housing. Over time, the situation not only remains unchanged, but, on the contrary, becomes increasingly pressing. Despite financial support for internally displaced persons, a significant portion of the displaced still lacks the means to secure housing for themselves. The initial stage of the solving problem of migrants’ living conditions is the process of settling them into apartments. However, this process raises a number of controversial issues in light of the government’s announcements of a reform of the social welfare system. Concerns are growing that the upcoming reform could make housing conditions more comfortable for displaced persons. This connection makes it possible to counteract this destructive process. The study confirms the inadequacy of the lack of criteria for determining the subsistence minimum when social security is included in the list of factors limiting social life. The proposal is planned to be fully expanded to other areas: the payment mechanism for social housing and the procedure for providing apartments due to immigrants lacking the necessary documents. The urgency of the latter aspect is confirmed by the results of a sociological survey, which show that 38% of IDPs do not have documents confirming their right to residence, which formally indicates that they have no legal grounds for being registered for housing. The need to strengthen the rights of IDPs to housing also implies a review of the modern approach to the housing rental mechanism. The article, based on statistical material, proves the un rea lity of the excessive percentage of wages that goes to paying for a rented apartment. The amount of wages spent on housing rent is 1.5—2.5 times higher than the criteria recommended by the ILO. Under martial law, when the state is introducing new approaches to social housing protection for citizens, it is important to create reliable legal mechanisms for state assistance. This thesis is substantiated by a theoretical analysis of the categories “branch of law” and “branch of legislation,” where priority is given to the former category, which corresponds to the country’s constitutional law. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic and legal foundations of protecting the housing interests of displaced persons, in particular, IDPs, in the context of the transformation of housing policy and the social protection system in the country. The novelty lies in the justification of the application of an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problems of housing provision for IDPs by combining the methodology of economic and legal science. The objectivity and need for an expanded interpretation of the object and subject of the right of IDPs to housing have been identified. The feasibility of updating the state housing policy based on the formation of a social housing fund, optimization of the amount of rent, and the principle of individualization of the housing sector, taking into account wage categories and the subsistence minimum, has been determined. When presenting the main material, scientifically analytical, systematizing, index, tabular, programmatic and methodological research methods were used: scientifically analytical — when studying the condition of displaced persons; systematization, which made it possible to formulate the issues of protecting the housing interests of displaced persons, variations — for assessing rental rates, tabular and cartographic — for studying the ripe issues of social protection of the housing interests of the IDPs; programmatic and methodological applied for an interdisciplinary approach to identifying housing problems for displaced persons.

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TOOLS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRITORIAL COOPERATION (on the example of the Kolochava territorial community of the Zakarpattia region)

Liliia Holovko — 2026-06-23

The article analyzes the importance of tools of international cooperation in the socio-economic development of territorial communities. The appropriateness of the participation of communities in the programs of the European Union of Territorial Cooperation is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the integration of territorial communities into the European platform «Interreg». The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of the use of international territorial cooperation tools on the development of the process of European integration in the territorial community in the pre-war and wartime periods. The novelty lies in the argumentation of the positive experience of the formation and effectiveness of the mechanism of community involvement in international cooperation through a combination of institutional partnership and project approach. The article uses general methods of scientific know ledge: argumentation, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The importance of the European and transnational platform for the exchange of experience and the use of international cooperation tools is determined. The positive practice of the Kolo cha va territorial community shows the importance of a systematic approach in the development of project activities. It was found that the use of a synergistic approach in combining the efforts of local self-government bodies, public organizations, and international partners creates conceptual directions of interaction, priority, and prestige of the development of the territorial community as a whole. In the conditions of martial law, programs aimed at the sustainable development of mountain territorial communities, the preservation of human capital, and the creation of barrier-free and security conditions play a colossal role. It has been proven that the combination of institutional partnership and project activities in the Kolochava community is a key mechanisms for involving the territorial community in international cooperation.

It is substantiated that the available tools for the involvement of territorial communities through interterritorial cooperation programs «Interreg NEXT» have positive dynamics in the development of social cohesion policy. The activity of local self-government bodies in the search for new international partners, implementation of project activities, and exchange of experience contributes to stability, strengthening of capacity and European integration of the Kolochava territorial community. This experience shows that the transparency of management decisions and the cohesion of subjects of international territorial cooperation, improve the quality of life of the population and the economic capacity of the territorial community.

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HEALTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION IN POST-CONFLICT COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA: INSIGHTS FOR UKRAINE

Nataliia Rynhach — 2026-06-23

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in 2022 led to a significant reduction in the availability of medical services in Ukraine due to the disruption of healthcare facilities. It included the destruction of facilities restrictions on operations in life-threatening situations and a lack of electricity, water and heating. Staff shortages were also a factor, due to the death or forced migration of medical workers. The war has disrupted vital public health processes, including vaccination programmes, sanitation measures, and epidemiological surveillance. It has also negatively impacted the physical and mental health of the population, resulting in an increased premature and avoidable mortality. In the post-war period, Ukraine will inevitably face the consequences of damaged infrastructure and depleted resources. Drawing on the experience of other countries will therefore be essential for rebuilding the healthcare system and shaping effective demographic policies. Therefore, the experience of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, which underwent a series of armed conflicts between 1991 and 2001 is relevant for Ukraine. This article aims to summarise the conclusions of scientific publications on specific programmes and reforms implemented in the healthcare systems in countries of the former Yugoslavia were that affected by armed conflict at the end of the 20th century. It also aims to identify common reasons for the greater or lesser effectiveness of healthcare system reforms in these countries, and to seek and formulate applicable experiences for Ukraine. This study employed a systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science bibliographic databases, as well as Google Scholar, to identify academic publications based on criteria relating to the study’s objectives and the comprehensiveness of the reform analysis. A content analysis of the legal frameworks of countries in the former Yugoslavia was also conducted. It has been found that successful healthcare reforms shared several features: compulsory health insurance, a focus on primary healthcare strengthening, and targeted national programmes for preventing and treating non-communicable diseases. Slovenia’s experience has demonstrated that transitioning to social insurance, improving primary care, and implementing consistent policies on non-communicable diseases can reduce mortality long-term. It has been shown that in countries where reforms have not yielded the expected results, they were characterised by chronic underfunding, inefficient resource allocation, a lack of substantial organisational change, the persistence of informal payments, and the emigration and displacement of medical staff. High mortality rates from avoidable causes suggest a combination of inadequate investment and poor communication with the population regarding prevention and timely access to care. Frequent changes in leadership in the healthcare sector, alongside political instability, have created additional obstacles to strategic development. Based on an analysis of the experience of post-war healthcare reforms in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, the following recommendations can be proposed for Ukraine: the fastest possible restoration of universal healthcare coverage with an emphasis on primary care; effective cooperation between the central government, local authorities and domestic professional associations in the process of rebuilding the healthcare system; timely and reasoned initiation of requests for assistance from international donors, and the rational use of this assistance; organisation of effective physical and psychological rehabilitation measures; development and implementation of public awareness campaigns on health issues and personal responsibility for own health.

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FAMILY POLICY IN UKRAINE: NEW APPROACHES TO ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Svitlana Aksyonova — 2026-06-23

Throughout its entire history, family policy has largely demonstrated a readiness to respond to emerging challenges, trends, prospects, and transformations. In light of Ukraine’s European integration process, state family policy must be implemented in accordance with the principles and values of the EU, as enshrined in its Directives, regulations, and recommendations. These principles have already been partially incorporated into the majority of strategic documents adopted in Ukraine. However, continuous societal transformations necessitate a revision of certain approaches to the formulation and implementation of family policy. The aim of the present study is to elucidate new approaches to the further development and implementation of family policy — with particular emphasis on pronatalist policy — in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of EU member states and ongoing demographic changes. The novelty of the study lies in the identification and characterisation of new approaches within family policy in Ukraine. The research employs such methods as analysis and synthesis of scholarly literature, systematisation and generalisation of family policy experience in developed countries and in Ukraine, as well as bibliographic analysis. Among the proposed approaches are: the inadmissibility of any form of pressure or coercion in reproductive decisionmaking; respect for individual choice; and, concurrently, the fostering of a responsible attitude towards decisions concerning reproductive plans, motherhood/fatherhood, and the organisation of family life — an attitude that must be grounded in awareness and informed understanding of the consequences of such decisions. Key characteristics that family policy should embody include the provision of support for family not at individual stages of its development, but throughout the entire family life course; a comprehensive character, accompanied by a diversity of instruments and policy directions, coherence among them and with other policy domains, timely adaptation, and consistency of action alongside continuous policy improvement. In evaluating family policy measures, objective indicators should be combined with subjective assessments, with preference given to the latter in cases of conflicting results. State child benefits must be regarded exclusively as investments in children’s development, rather than as incentives for childbearing. Adherence to these and other principles and approaches will not only contribute to raising the quality of family policy, but will also exert a positive influence on the formation of public trust in the state.

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