Demography and social economy, 2019, 4(38):30-41
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2019.04.030
UDC 311, 311,5: 314 (477)
JEL СLASSIFICATION: J16, J21

O.V. Makarova
Member of the NAS of Ukraine, Dr. Sc. (Economy)
Deputy Director for Science
Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
01032, Ukraine, Kyiv, Вlvd Taras Shevchenkо, 60
E-mail: makarova_h@ukr.net
ORCID 0000-0001-8463-0314

TIME USE STATISTICS IN THE FOCUS OF GENDER STUDIES
Section: DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES AND POPULATION STATISTICS
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The aim of the article is to justify utilizing time-use surveys for national monitoring of gender equality and the development of gender policies. The following research methods are used: generalizations and analogies, logical analysis, statistical data analysis, graphical method for data presentation. Based on the commitments made by Ukraine in the field of gender statistics, the issue of improving information support is quite relevant. Time-use surveys can be a powerful source of information for monitoring gender policy. The objective of the survey is also to fill in gaps in national gender statistics in accordance with Ukraine’s international obligations. The article presents an objective historical review of domestic and foreign practice of conducting time-use surveys. The modern experience of conducting harmonized time-use surveys in Europe is summarized. The main possibilities of using data are described: refinement of macroeconomic indicators, in particular, GDP; adjustment of employment indicators taking into account unpaid labor; identification of the problem of child labor; clarification of the characteristics of the quality of life. Based on the available statistical data of the Economic Commission for Europe, indicators of the gender balance of time use in the aspect of quality of life characteristics are calculated. Ratings of 35 countries of the world are constructed according to the degree of gender imbalance in the use of time spent on work (including unpaid work: childcare, cleaning, cooking), leisure and physical activity. The analysis of the obtained results is made and patterns of gender characteristics of the quality of life in different countries of the world are revealed. The article also addresses the need for a theoretical justification and classification of ways to use time as characteristics of the quality of life, as well as a more thorough study of such a phenomenon as the “press of time”. The general methodological problems of conducting time-use surveys, in particular, regarding the forms and methods of conducting research, depending on their goals, are described, as well as the questions of sampling and the use of classifiers of activities. Based on a synthesis of the best world practices and assessment of the real possibilities of Ukrainian statics proposals are formed regarding the possibilities and prospects of conducting such studies in Ukraine.
Key words: statistics of time use, information gaps, quality of life, gender equality, working time, leisure, temporary press, gender ratio, gender policy.
References:
1. Human Rights. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Vol-1, Ch. IV. T. 8. UN. New York, 18 December 1979. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/doc/ Treaties/1981/09/19810903%2005-18%20AM/Ch_IV_8p.pdf
2. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995 (2014). UN Women. Retrieved from https://beijing20. unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/csw/pfa_e_final_web.pdf
3. Uhoda pro asotsiatsiiu mizh Ukrainoiu, z odniiei storony, ta Yevropejs’kym Soiuzom, Yevropejs’kym spivtovarystvom z atomnoi enerhii i ikhnimy derzhavamy-chlenamy, z inshoi storony: Mizhnarodnyj dokument vid 27.06.2014 № 984_011 [Association Agreement between Ukraine, from one side, that of the European Union, the European Union from atomic energy and the third member states, from the other side: International document of 27/06/2014 № 984_011]. (2014, 27 June). Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy - Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_011 [in Ukrainian].
4. Tsili staloho rozvytku v Ukraini [Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine] (n.d.). UN Ukraine. Retrieved from http://sdg.org.ua/ua [in Ukrainian].
5. Ukraina ta NATO [Ukraine and NATO] (n.d.). Misiia Ukrainy pry NATO - Mission of Ukraine to the NATO. Retrieved from https://nato.mfa.gov.ua/ua/ukraine-nato/Partnership [in Ukrainian].
6. Gerasymenko, G., Libanova, E. & Makarova, O. (2012). Analytical Research on Women’s Labour Force Participation. UNFPA & UCSR. Retrieved from http://www.un.org.ua/images/documents/4493/ Analytical research on women’s participation in the labour force in Ukraine (EN).pdf
7. Henderna problematyka ta ii aktual’nist’ v ukrains’komu suspil’stvi. Zvit pro ekspertne opytuvannia [Gender issues and current issues in the Ukrainian suspension. Expert survey report] (2017). Liha zakhystu prav zhinok «Harmoniia Rivnykh». Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/mResearcher/ss-83204209 [in Ukrainian].
8. Strumilin, S.G. (1957). Problemy jekonomiki truda [Labor Economics Issues]. Moscow: Gospolitizdat [in Russian].
9. Prudenskij, G.A. (1972). Problemy rabochego i vnerabochego vremeni [Problems of working and nonworking hours]. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
10. Sorokin, P., & Berger, С. (1939). Time-budgets of Human Behavior. Cambridge (Mass.). Harvard University Press.
11. Andorka, R. (1987). Time Budgets and Their Uses. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 149-164. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.001053
12. Stewart, J. (2018). Getting Started with Time-Use Data. Journal of Time Use Research, Art. 2. - doi: https://doi.org/10.32797/jtur-2018-2.
13. Hofferth, S.L., Lee, Y., Flood, S.M. & Carr, D. (2018). Physical Activity and Perceived Health: Can Time Diary Measures of Momentary Well-Being Inform the Association? Journal of Time Use Research. Art. 1. - https://doi.org/10.32797/jtur-2018-1 doi: https://doi.org/10.32797/jtur-2018-1
14. Roncolato, L., & Radchenko, N. (2016). Women’s labor in South Africa – Time spent doing simultaneous paid and unpaid work. Journal of Time Use Research. Vol. 13, 1, 58-90. Retrieved from https://jtur. iatur.org/home/issue/d8683f9d-78e6-452c-ac5f-5aa256e61e46 doi: https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.13.1.58-90
15. Papastefanou, G., & Zajchowski, D. (2016). Time for shopping - Social change of time use for shopping activities 1990-2012. Journal of Time Use Research, Vol. 13, 1, 109-131. Retrieved from https://jtur.iatur. org/home/article/51328206-30da-45b7-a663-15a46737e45f doi: https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.13.1.109-131
16. Van Halem, S., Hoeben, E.M., Bernasco, W. & Ter Bogt, T.F.M. (2016). Measuring short and rare activities - Time diaries in criminology. Journal of Time Use Research, Vol. 13, 1, 1-33. Retrieved from https://jtur.iatur.org/home/issue/d8683f9d-78e6-452c-ac5f-5aa256e61e46 doi: https://doi.org/10.13085/eIJTUR.13.1.1-33
17. Rukovodstvo po podgotovke statisticheskih dannyh ob ispol’zovanii vremeni: dlja ocenki oplachivaemogo i neoplachivaemogo truda [Manual for preparation of statistics on the use of time: to assess paid and unpaid work]. (2007). UN. Statistical Division. WorldCat. Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/ rukovodstvo-po-podgotovke-statisticheskikh-dannykh-ob-ispolzovanii-vremeni-dlia-otsenkioplachivaemogo-i-neoplachivaemogo-truda/oclc/849801462 [in Russian].
18. Gunnarsdottir, H., Bjereld, Y., Hensing, G., Petzold, M. & Povlsen, L. (2015). Associations between parents’ subjective time pressure and mental health problems among children in the Nordic countries: a population based study. BMC Public Health, 15, 353. - doi: https://doi. org: 10.1186/s12889-015-1634-4
19. Statistics (n.d.). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Retrieved from https://w3.unece.org/PXWeb2015/pxweb/ru/STAT/
20. The World’s Women 2015.Trends and Statistics (2015). UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/downloads/worldswomen2015_report.pdf

» pdf